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On Photography is a 1977 collection of by American writer Susan Sontag. The book originated from a series of essays Sontag published in The New York Review of Books between 1973 and 1977.
In On Photography, Sontag examines the history and contemporary role of photography in society. She contrasts the work of Diane Arbus with Depression-era documentary photography and explores the evolution of American photography from Walt Whitman's idealistic notions to the cynicism of the 1970s. Sontag argues that photography fosters a voyeuristic relationship with the world and can diminish the meaning of events. The book discusses the relationship between photography and politics and the tension between recording and intervention. On Photography received both acclaim and criticism, with some reviewers questioning its academic rigor.
She also explores the history of American photography in relation to the idealistic notions of America put forth by Walt Whitman and traces these ideas through to the increasingly cynical aesthetic notions of the 1970s, particularly in relation to Arbus and Andy Warhol.
Sontag argues that the proliferation of photographic images had begun to establish within people a "chronic voyeuristic relation to the world."Sontag, Susan (1978), On Photography, Penguin Books, London, p. 11 Among the consequences of this practice of photography is that the meaning of all events is leveled and made equal.
As she argues, perhaps originally with regard to photography, the medium fostered an attitude of anti-intervention. Sontag says that the individual who seeks to record cannot intervene, and that the person who intervenes cannot then faithfully record, for the two aims contradict each other. In this context, she discusses in some depth the relationship of photography to politics. One of the themes that is connected with the book is the problem of the norm and the repressive function of the idea of the norm in society.Vasilieva, E. V. (2014). Susan Sontag on Photography: the Idea of Beauty and the Problem of Norm. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts, 4(3), 64-80.
In a 1998 appraisal of the work, Michael Starenko, wrote in the magazine Afterimage: " On Photography has become so deeply absorbed into this discourse that Sontag's claims about photography, as well as her mode of argument, have become part of the rhetorical 'tool kit' that photography theorists and critics carry around in their heads". He added that "no other photography book, not even The Family of Man (1955), which sold four million copies before finally going out of print in 1978, received a wider range of press coverage than On Photography."
In 2003, Sontag published Regarding the Pain of Others, which reassesses some of the views she espoused in On Photography. Sontag considered that book to be a sequel to On Photography. (2025). 9780062896407, Ecco. ISBN 9780062896407 Sontag's publishing history includes a similar sequence with regard to her 1978 book Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors a decade later, which expands on some of the ideas contained in the earlier work.
Earlier versions of these essays appeared in The New York Review of Books:
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